Audubon Core dynamic term list

The list of all Terms in Audubon Core, grouped first by Collections and then by Layer 1 and Layer 2:

Audubon Core Layer 1

Index to Audubon Core Layer 1

By label: Access URI  •  Associated Observation Reference  •  Associated Specimen Reference  •  Attribution Link URL  •  Attribution URL  •  City  •  Controlled Vocabulary Term  •  Copyright Owner  •  Country ISO-Code  •  Country Name  •  Creator  •  Credit Line  •  Derived From  •  Description  •  Format  •  ID of Containing Collection  •  Identification Qualifier  •  Identifier  •  Language  •  License Logo URL  •  License URL  •  Location Created  •  Location Shown  •  Metadata Creator  •  Metadata Date  •  Metadata Language  •  Metadata Provider  •  Original Date and Time  •  Provider  •  Provider  •  Province or State  •  Rating  •  Rights  •  Service Access Point  •  Source  •  Sublocation  •  Subtype  •  Tag  •  Taxon Count  •  Taxon Coverage  •  Time of Day  •  Title  •  Type  •  UsageTerms  •  Variant  •  Vernacular Name  •  World Region

By concept name: Iptc4xmpExt:CVterm  •  Iptc4xmpExt:City  •  Iptc4xmpExt:CountryCode  •  Iptc4xmpExt:CountryName  •  Iptc4xmpExt:LocationCreated  •  Iptc4xmpExt:LocationShown  •  Iptc4xmpExt:ProvinceState  •  Iptc4xmpExt:Sublocation  •  Iptc4xmpExt:WorldRegion  •  ac:IDofContainingCollection  •  ac:accessURI  •  ac:associatedObservationReference  •  ac:associatedSpecimenReference  •  ac:attributionLinkURL  •  ac:attributionLogoURL  •  ac:derivedFrom  •  ac:hasServiceAccessPoint  •  ac:licenseLogoURL  •  ac:metadataCreator  •  ac:metadataLanguage  •  ac:metadataProvider  •  ac:provider  •  ac:providerLiteral  •  ac:subtype  •  ac:tag  •  ac:taxonCount  •  ac:taxonCoverage  •  ac:timeOfDay  •  ac:variant  •  dcterms:creator  •  dcterms:description  •  dcterms:format  •  dcterms:identifier  •  dcterms:language  •  dcterms:rights  •  dcterms:source  •  dcterms:title  •  dcterms:type  •  dwc:identificationQualifier  •  dwc:vernacularName  •  photoshop:Credit  •  xmp:CreateDate  •  xmp:MetadataDate  •  xmp:Rating  •  xmpRights:Owner  •  xmpRights:UsageTerms  •  xmpRights:WebStatement

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 1

Concept Name:	ac:accessURI
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/accessURI
Label	Access URI
Definition	A URI that uniquely identifies a service that provides a representation of the underlying resource. If this resource can be acquired by an http request, its http URL should be given. If not, but it has some URI in another URI scheme, that may be given here.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:accessURI
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/accessURI,
Notes:	Value might point to something offline, such as a published CD, etc. For example, the doi of an published CD would be a suitable value.
Concept Name:	ac:associatedObservationReference
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedObservationReference
Label	Associated Observation Reference
Definition	A reference to an observation associated with this resource.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:associatedObservationReference
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedObservationReference,
Concept Name:	ac:associatedSpecimenReference
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedSpecimenReference
Label	Associated Specimen Reference
Definition	A reference to a specimen associated with this resource.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:associatedSpecimenReference
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedSpecimenReference,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Supports to find a specimen resource, where additional information is available. If several resources relate to the same specimen, these are implicitly related. Examples: for NHM “BM 23974324” for a barcoded or “BM Smith 32” for a non-barcoded specimen; for UNITS: “TSB 28637”; for PMSL: “PMSL-Lepidoptera-2534781”. Ideally this could be a URI identifying a specimen record that is available online.
Concept Name:	ac:attributionLinkURL
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/attributionLinkURL
Label	Attribution Link URL
Definition	The URL where information about ownership, attribution, etc. of the resource may be found.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:attributionLinkURL
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/attributionLinkURL,
Notes:	Audubon Core: This URL may be used in creating a clickable logo. Providers should consider making this link as specific and useful to consumers as possible, e. g., linking to a metadata page of the specific image resource rather than to a generic page describing the owner or provider of a resource.
Concept Name:	ac:attributionLogoURL
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/attributionLogoURL
Label	Attribution URL
Definition	The URL of the icon or logo image to appear in source attribution.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:attributionLogoURL
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/attributionLogoURL,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Entering this URL into a browser should only result in the icon (not in a webpage including the icon).
Concept Name:	ac:derivedFrom
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/derivedFrom
Label	Derived From
Definition	A reference to an original resource from which the current one is derived.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:derivedFrom
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/derivedFrom,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Derivation of one resource from another is of special interest for identification tools (e. g. a key from an unpublished data set, as in FRIDA, or a PDA key from a PC or web key) or web services (e. g. a name synonymization service being derived from a specific data set). It may very rarely also be known where one image or sound recording is derived from another (but compare the separate mechanism to be used for quality/resolution levels). – Human readable, or doi number, or URL. Simple name of parent for human readable. Can be repeated if a montage of images.
Concept Name:	ac:hasServiceAccessPoint
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/hasServiceAccessPoint
Label	Service Access Point
Definition	In a chosen serialization (RDF, XML Schema, etc.) the potentially multiple service access points (e.g. for different resolutions of an image) might be provided in a referenced or in a nested object. This property identifies one such access point. That is, each of potentially multiple values of hasServiceAccessPoint identifies a set of representation-dependent metadata using the properties defined under the section Service Access Point Vocabulary.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:hasServiceAccessPoint
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/hasServiceAccessPoint,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Some serializations may flatten the model of service-access points by (a) dropping ac:hasServiceAccessPoint, ac:variant and ac:variantDescription, (b) repeating the properties of the Service Access Point Vocabulary and prefixing them with values of ac:variant. If such a flat serialization is necessary for services, we recommend to select from among terms of the form "AB" where "A" is one of thumbnail, trailer, lowerQuality, mediumQuality, goodQuality, bestQuality, offline and "B" is one of AccessURI, Format, Extent, FurtherInformationURL, LicensingException, ServiceExpectation (example: thumbnailAccessURI). Implementers in specific constraint languages such as XML Schema or RDF may wish to make Access URI and perhaps dcterms:format mandatory on instances of the service access point.
Concept Name:	ac:IDofContainingCollection
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/IDofContainingCollection
Label	ID of Containing Collection
Definition	If the resource is contained in a Collection, this field identifies that Collection uniquely. Its form is not specified by this normative document, but is left to implementers of specific implementations.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:IDofContainingCollection
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/IDofContainingCollection,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Repeatable: A media resource may be member of multiple collections
Concept Name:	ac:licenseLogoURL
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licenseLogoURL
Label	License Logo URL
Definition	A URL providing access to a logo that symbolizes the License.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:licenseLogoURL
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licenseLogoURL,
Examples	Audubon Core: https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/88x31.png (providing access to: )
Notes:	Audubon Core: The originating metadata provider is strongly urged to choose a suitable logo as a graphical representation of the license. Failure to do so may leave downstream aggregators in a difficult position to supply a logo that adequately represents the professional, legal, or social aims of the licensors (license givers).
Concept Name:	ac:metadataCreator
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataCreator
Label	Metadata Creator
Definition	Person or organization originally creating the resource metadata record.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:metadataCreator
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataCreator,
Concept Name:	ac:metadataLanguage
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataLanguage
Label	Metadata Language
Definition	Language of description and other metadata (but not necessarily of the image itself) represented in ISO639-1 or -3.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:metadataLanguage
	Required: Yes — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataLanguage, 1..1
Concept Name:	ac:metadataProvider
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataProvider
Label	Metadata Provider
Definition	Person or organization originally responsible for providing the resource metadata record.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:metadataProvider
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataProvider,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Media items and Metadata may be served from different institutions, e. g. in the case of aggregators adding user annotations, taxon identifications, or ratings. Compare Provider.
Concept Name:	ac:provider
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/provider
Label	Provider
Definition	Person or organization responsible for presenting the media resource. If no separate Metadata Provider is given, this also attributes the metadata.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:provider
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/provider,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Media items and Metadata may be served from different institutions, e. g. in the case of aggregators adding user annotations, taxon identifications, or ratings.
Concept Name:	ac:providerLiteral
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerLiteral
Label	Provider
Definition	Person or organization responsible for presenting the media resource. If no separate Metadata Provider is given, this also attributes the metadata.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:providerLiteral
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerLiteral,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Media items and Metadata may be served from different institutions, e. g. in the case of aggregators adding user annotations, taxon identifications, or ratings.
Concept Name:	ac:subtype
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subtype
Label	Subtype
Definition	Any of Drawing, Painting, Logo, Icon, Illustration, Graphic, Photograph, Animation, Film, SlideShow, DesignPlan, Diagram, Map, MusicalNotation, IdentificationKey, ScannedText, RecordedText, RecordedOrganism, TaxonPage, MultimediaLearningObject, VirtualRealityEnvironment, GlossaryPage. Values may be used either in their literal form, or with a full namespace from a controlled vocabulary.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:subtype
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subtype,
Concept Name:	ac:tag
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/tag
Label	Tag
Definition	General keywords or tags.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:tag
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/tag,
Examples	Audubon Core: "flower diagram", "leaf", or "flower color"
Notes:	Audubon Core: Tags may be multi-worded phrases. Where scientific names, common names, geographic locations, etc. are separable, those should go into the more specific coverage metadata items provided further below.
Concept Name:	ac:taxonCount
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/taxonCount
Label	Taxon Count
Definition	An exact or estimated number of taxa at the lowest applicable taxon rank (usually species or infraspecific) represented by the media resource (item or collection).
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:taxonCount
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/taxonCount,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Primarily intended for resource collections and singular resources dealing with sets of taxa (e. g., identification tools, videos). It is recommended to give an exact or estimated number of specific taxa when a complete list of taxa is not available or practical. The count should contain only the taxa covered fully or primarily by the resource. For a taxon page and most images this will be “1”, i. e. other taxa mentioned on the side or in the background should not be counted. However, sometimes a resource may illustrate an ecological or behavioral entity with multiple species, e. g., a host-pathogen interaction; taxon count would then indicate the known number of species in this interaction. This should be a single integer number. Leave the field empty if you cannot estimate the information (do not enter 0). Additional taxon counts at higher levels (e. g. how many families are covered by a digital Fauna) should be given verbatim in the resource description, not here.
Concept Name:	ac:taxonCoverage
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/taxonCoverage
Label	Taxon Coverage
Definition	A higher taxon (e. g., a genus, family, or order) at the level of the genus or higher, that covers all taxa that are the primary subject of the resource (which may be a media item or a collection).
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:taxonCoverage
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/taxonCoverage,
Examples	“Aves” for a bird key or a bird image collection. Do not add the rank (e.g. "class" for the “Class Aves”) in this field.
Concept Name:	ac:timeOfDay
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/timeOfDay
Label	Time of Day
Definition	Free text information beyond exact clock times.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:timeOfDay
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/timeOfDay,
Examples	Audubon Core: Examples in English: afternoon, twilight.
Concept Name:	ac:variant
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variant
Label	Variant
Definition	What this ServiceAccessPoint provides. Suggested values are "Thumbnail", "Trailer", "Lower Quality", "Medium Quality", "Good Quality", "Best Quality", "Offline"
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:variant
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variant,
Notes:	Thumbnail: ServiceAccessPoint provides a thumbnail image, short sound clip, or short movie clip that can be used in addition to the resource to represent the media object, typically at lower quality and higher compression than the preview object. A typical size for a tiny thumbnail image may be 50-100 pixels in the longer dimension. Trailer: ServiceAccessPoint provides video clip preview, in the form of a specifically authored "Trailer", which may provide somewhat different content than the original resource. Lower Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides a lower quality version of the media resource, suitable e. g. for web sites. Medium Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides a medium quality version of the media resource, e. g. shortened in duration, or reduced size, using lower resolution or higher compression causing moderate artifacts. Good Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides a good quality version of the media resource intended for resources displayed as primary information; e. g. an image between 800 and 1600 px in width or height. Best Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides the highest available quality of the media resource, whatever its resolution or quality level. Offline: ServiceAccessPoint provides data about an offline resource.
Concept Name:	dcterms:creator
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
Label	Creator
Definition	An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-creator
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/creator,
Examples	Dublin Core: a person, an organization, or a service.
Notes:	Dublin Core: Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Equivalent property is http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/maker. Audubon Core: The person or organization responsible for creating the media resource. The value may be simple text including contact information. Note that the Creator need not be the Copyright Owner.
Concept Name:	dcterms:description
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/description
Label	Description
Definition	An account of the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-description
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/description,
Notes:	Dublin Core: Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource. Audubon Core: Description of collection or individual resource, containing the Who, What, When, Where and Why as free-form text. This normative document is silent on the nature of formatting in the text. It is the role of implementers of an AC concrete representation (e.g. an XML Schema, an RDF representation, etc.) to decide and document how formatting advice will be represented in descriptions serialized according to such representations. It optionally allows to present detailed information and will in most cases be shown together with the resource title. If both description and caption are present in the metadata, a description is typically displayed instead of the resource, a caption together with the resource. The description should aim to be a good text-proxy for the underlying media resource in cases where only text can be shown, whereas the caption may only make sense when shown together with the media. Often only one of description or caption is present; choose the concept most appropriate for your metadata.
Concept Name:	dcterms:format
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/format
Label	Format
Definition	The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-format
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/format,
Notes:	Dublin Core: Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]. Audubon Core: The technical format of the resource (file format or physical medium). Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]. This item is recommended for offline digital content. In cases where the provided URL includes a standard file extension from which the format can be inferred it is permissible to not provide this item. Three types of values are recommended: (a) any MIME type; (b) common file extensions like txt, doc, odf, jpg/jpeg, png, pdf; (c) the following special values: Data-CD, Audio-CD, Video-CD, Data-DVD, Audio-DVD, Video-DVD-PAL, Video-DVD-NTSC, photographic slide, photographic print. Compare Type for the content-type.
Concept Name:	dcterms:identifier
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier
Label	Identifier
Definition	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-identifier
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier, ... further results
Notes:	Dublin Core: Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system. Audubon Core: An arbitrary code that is unique for the resource, with the resource being either a provider, collection, or media item. Using multiple identifiers implies that they have a same-as relationship, i.e. they all identify the same object (e. g. an object may have an http-URL, an lsid-URI, and a UUID-number). Required for media collections, No for media resources (but preferred if available). In context of GGBN used as gel image uri.
Concept Name:	dcterms:language
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/language
Label	Language
Definition	A language of the resource. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646].
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-language
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/language,
Examples	'en' for English or 'ru' for Russian
Notes:	Audubon Core: Language(s) of resource itself represented in ISO639-1 or -3 An image may contain language such as superimposed labels. If an image is of a natural scene or organism, without any language included, the resource is language-neutral (ISO code “zxx”). Resources with present but unknown language are to be coded as undetermined (ISO code “und”). Resources only containing scientific organism names should be coded as "zxx-taxon" (do not use the incorrect “la” for Latin). For regional dialects or other special cases, conform to the IETF Best Practices for Tags Identifying Languages. As of 2012-04-11, the Dublin Core metadata Initiative recommends the use of a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646. For Darwin Core, the latest RFC for ISO 639-1 is the recommended version (RFC 5646 as of 2012-04-11). Further documentation on the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) language codes can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IETF_language_tag. A list of language codes can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes.
Concept Name:	dcterms:rights
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights
Label	Rights
Definition	Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Defined By	http://purl.org/dc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/rights, ... further results
Examples	Audubon Core: “Copyright XY 2008, all rights reserved”, “© 2008 XY Museum” , "Public Domain.", "Copyright unknown". This expresses rights over the media resource, not over the metadata text.
Notes:	Dublin Core: Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights. Audubon Core: Copyright Statement contains information about rights held in and over the resource. A full-text, readable copyright statement, as required by the national legislation of the copyright holder. On collections, this applies to all contained objects, unless the object itself has a different statement. Do not place just the name of the copyright holder(s) here! That belongs in a list in the xmpRights:Owner field, which should be supplied if dcterms:rights is not 'Public Domain', appropriate only if the resource is known to be not under copyright.
Concept Name:	dcterms:source
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/source
Label	Source
Definition	A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-source
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/source,
Notes:	Dublin Core: The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system. This term is intended to be used with non-literal values as defined in the DCMI Abstract Model (http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/). As of December 2007, the DCMI Usage Board is seeking a way to express this intention with a formal range declaration. Audubon Core: An identifiable source from which the described resources was derived. If the resource (image, sound, movie, identification key, etc.) was digitized from a non-digital resource, or was also previously published in a digital or printed publication, this describes the original. Do not put generally "related" publications in here. This field normally contains a free-form text description, but it may be a URI (e.g. “digitally-published://ISBN=961-90008-7-0”) if that URI can be resolved and dereferenced to provide a description of the source resource. Can be repeatable if a montage of images. Information about further provenance beyond the ultimate source should be put in the ac:derivedFrom attribute.
Concept Name:	dcterms:title
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
Label	Title
Definition	A name given to the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-title
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/title,
Notes:	Dublin Core: A second property with the same name as this property has been declared in the dcterms: namespace (http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document "DCMI Metadata Terms" (http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation. Audubon Core: Concise title, name, or brief descriptive label of institution, resource collection, or individual resource. This field should include the complete title with all the subtitles, if any. It is strongly suggested to provide a title for each media resource. The title facilitates interactions with humans: e.g. it could be used as display text of hyperlinks or to provide a choice of images in a pick list. The title is therefore highly useful and an effort should be made to provide it where it is not already available. When the resource is a collection without an institutional or official name, but with a thematic content, a descriptive title, e. g. “Urban Ants of New England,” would be suitable. In individual media resources depicting taxa, the scientific name or names of taxa often form a good title. Common names in addition to or instead of scientific names are also acceptable. Indications of action or roles captured by the media resource, such as predatory acts, are desirable (“Rattlesnake eating deer mouse”, “Pollinators of California Native Plants”).
Concept Name:	dcterms:type
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Label	Type
Definition	A name given to the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-type
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/type, ... further results
Concept Name:	dwc:identificationQualifier
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationQualifier
Label	Identification Qualifier
Definition	A brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification.
Defined By	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationQualifier,
Examples	1) For the determination "Quercus aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia", identificationQualifier would be "aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia" with accompanying values "Quercus" in genus, "agrifolia" in specificEpithet, "oxyadenia" in infraspecificEpithet, and "var." in rank. 2) For the determination "Quercus agrifolia cf. var. oxyadenia", identificationQualifier would be "cf. var. oxyadenia " with accompanying values "Quercus" in genus, "agrifolia" in specificEpithet, "oxyadenia" in infraspecificEpithet, and "var." in rank. 3) For the determinations “cf. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum”, “Fusarium cf. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum”, “Fusarium oxysporum cf. f. sp. palmarum” the Scientific Taxon Name would always be “Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum”, with Identification Qualifier “cf. genus”, “cf. species” and “cf. f.sp.”, respectively. In most cases only the lowest taxon is in doubt, but cases exist where good reasons exist to suspect a specific or even infraspecific determination, without having a save generic identification.
Notes:	For discussion see http://code.google.com/p/darwincore/wiki/Identification
Concept Name:	dwc:vernacularName
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName
Label	Vernacular Name
Definition	A common or vernacular name.
Defined By	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName,
Examples	“Andean Condor”, “Condor Andino”, “American Eagle”, “Gänsegeier”
Notes:	For discussion see http://code.google.com/p/darwincore/wiki/Taxon
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:City
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/City
Label	City
Definition	Name of the city of a location. This element is at the fourth level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/City, 0..1
Notes:	Audubon Core: Optionally, the name of a city or place commonly found in gazetteers (such as a mountain or national park) in which the subjects (e. g., species, habitats, or events) were located. Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:CountryCode
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CountryCode
Label	Country ISO-Code
Definition	The ISO code of a country of a location. This element is at the second level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CountryCode,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The geographic location of the specific entity or entities documented by the media item, expressed through a constrained vocabulary of countries using 2-letter ISO country code (e. g. "it, si"). Accepted exceptions to be used instead of ISO codes are: "Global", "Marine", "Europe", “N-America”, “C-America”, “S-America”, "Africa", “Asia”, “Oceania”, ATA = "Antarctica", XEU = "European Union", XAR = "Arctic", "ZZZ" = "Unknown country" (3 letter abbreviations from IPTC codes). This list may be extended as necessary. Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:CountryName
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CountryName
Label	Country Name
Definition	The name of a country of a location. This element is at the second level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CountryName, 0..1
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:CVterm
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CVterm
Label	Controlled Vocabulary Term
Definition	A term to describe the content of the image by a value from a Controlled Vocabulary.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Yeshttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CVterm, 0..n
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:LocationCreated
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationCreated
Label	Location Created
Definition	The location the content of the item was created.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationCreated, 0..1
Notes:	IPTC Photo Metadata: If the location in the image is different from the location the photo was taken the IPTC Extension property Location Shown in the Image should be used. Audubon Core: The location at which the media recording instrument was placed when the media was created. The distinction between location shown and created is often irrelevant, and metadata may be assumed to be referring to location shown. It is recommended that the Location Shown field above always be used when known. However, in the case of position data automatically recorded by the instrument (e. g. EXIF GPS data) Location Created should be used to maintain information accuracy. When one but not both of Location Shown and Location Created are present, AC is silent about whether the provided one entails the other. A best practices document for a particular AC implementation might address this. Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:LocationShown
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationShown
Label	Location Shown
Definition	A location the content of the item is about. For photos that is a location shown in the image.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationShown,
Notes:	IPTC Photo Metadata: If the location the image was taken in is different from this location the property Location Created should be used too. Audubon Core: The location that is depicted the media content, irrespective of the location at which the resource has been created.
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:ProvinceState
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/ProvinceState
Label	Province or State
Definition	The name of a subregion of a country—a province or state—of a location. This element is at the third level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/ProvinceState, 0..1
Notes:	Audubon Core: Optionally, the geographic unit immediately below the country level (individual states in federal countries, provinces, or other administrative units) in which the subject of the media resource (e. g., species, habitats, or events) were located (if such information is available in separate fields). Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:Sublocation
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/Sublocation
Label	Sublocation
Definition	Name of a sublocation. This sublocation name could either be the name of a sublocation to a city or the name of a well known location or (natural) monument outside a city. In the sense of a sublocation to a city this element is at the fifth level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/Sublocation, 0..1
Notes:	Audubon Core: Free-form text location details of the location of the subjects, down to the village, forest, or geographic feature etc., below the city or other place name, especially information that could not be found in a gazetteer. Audubon Core distinguishes Locality in the sense of Darwin Core ( = a complete description of a locality, with the possible exception of country names etc., which can be separated into dwc:HigherGeography), and Sublocation in the sense of IPTC/XMP, i.e. the further details below a city or other place name, of a free-form text location within a fully hierarchically arranged grouping (earlier IPTC versions used “Location”, but this has been renamed as of 2008). Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.
Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:WorldRegion
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/WorldRegion
Label	World Region
Definition	The name of a world region of a location. This element is at the first (topI) level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/WorldRegion, 0..1
Notes:	Audubon Core: Name of a world region in some high level classification, such as names for continents, waterbodies, or island groups, whichever is most appropriate. The terms preferably are derived from a controlled vocabulary. The equivalent Darwin Core fields here forces primary metadata providers to classify world region terms into separate properties for “continent” “waterbody”, “IslandGroup”. By contrast, the Iptc4xmpExt vocabulary only specifies that a World Region is something at the top of a hierarchy of locations. Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.
Concept Name:	photoshop:Credit
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/Credit
Label	Credit Line
Definition	The credit to person(s) and/or organisation(s) required by the supplier of the item to be used when published. This is a free-text field.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/Credit,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Free text for "Please cite this as…" Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.
Concept Name:	xmp:CreateDate
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/CreateDate
Label	Original Date and Time
Definition	The date and time the resource was created. For a digital file, this need not match a file-system creation time. For a freshly created resource, it should be close to that time, modulo the time taken to write the file. Later file transfer, copying, and so on, may make the file-system time arbitrarily different.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/CreateDate,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The date of the creation for the original resource from which the digital media was derived or created. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. What constitutes "original" is determined by the metadata author. Example case: Digitization of a photographic slide of a map would normally give the date at which the map was created; however a photographic work of art including the same map as its content may give the date of the original photographic exposure. Imprecise or unknown dates can be represented as ISO dates or ranges. Compare also Date and Time Digitized in the Resource Creation Vocabulary. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.4 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.
Concept Name:	xmp:MetadataDate
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/MetadataDate
Label	Metadata Date
Definition	The date and time that any metadata for this resource was last changed. It should be the same as or more recent than xmp:ModifyDate.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/MetadataDate,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Point in time recording when the last modification to metadata (not necessarily the media object itself) occurred. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. This is not dcterms:modified, which refers to the resource itself rather than its metadata. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.4 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.
Concept Name:	xmp:Rating
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/Rating
Label	Rating
Definition	A user-assigned rating for this file. The value shall be -1 or in the range [0..5], where -1 indicates “rejected” and 0 indicates “unrated”. If xmp:Rating is not present, a value of 0 may be assumed. Anticipated usage is for a typical “star rating” UI, with the addition of a notion of rejection." Values may be decimal numbers in the permitted range.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/Rating,
Notes:	Audubon Core: A rating of the media resources, provided by users or editors, with -1 defining “rejected”, “0” defining “unrated”, and “1” (worst) to “5” (best). The origin of the rating is not communicated. It may, e. g., be based on user feedback or on editorial ratings. If Rating is not present, a value of 0 may be assumed. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.4 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.
Concept Name:	xmpRights:Owner
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/Owner
Label	Copyright Owner
Definition	A list of legal owners of the resource.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/Owner,
Concept Name:	xmpRights:UsageTerms
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/UsageTerms
Label	UsageTerms
Definition	A collection of text instructions on how a resource can be legally used, given in a variety of languages.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/UsageTerms,
Examples	Audubon Core: "Available under Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license".
Notes:	Audubon Core: The license statement defining how resources may be used. Information on a collection applies to all contained objects unless the object has a different statement. This also informs on the commercial availability of items. Buying an identification tool or media resource is essentially the purchase of an individual license. Examples for such License statements: “Available through bookstores” for a commercially published CD, and “Individual licenses available for purchase” for a high-resolution image. Note that the medium or low resolution levels of the same image may be available under open access licenses. In general, this term determines the default licensing for the media. License terms specific to variants or representations of the media resource (e.g., different resolutions) are dealt within the Audubon Core Service Access Point Vocabulary. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.5 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.
Concept Name:	xmpRights:WebStatement
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/WebStatement
Label	License URL
Definition	A web URL for a statement of the ownership and usage rights for this resource.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/WebStatement,
Examples	Audubon Core: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/.
Notes:	Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP): This is a normal (non-URI) simple value because of historical usage. Audubon Core: A URL defining or further elaborating on the license statement (e. g., a web page explaining the precise terms of use). The value of this field may provide a complete definition of the terms of use. For Creative Commons, the appropriate value is the URL of the defining Web page for the license. Where different quality variants (e. g. resolutions of images) are published under different licenses, the AC term “Licensing Exception Statement” supports variant-specific licenses. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.5 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.

Audubon Core Layer 2

Index to Audubon Core Layer 2

By label: Caption  •  Capture Device  •  Comments  •  Date Available  •  Date and Time Digitized  •  Extent  •  Further Information URL  •  Identified By  •  Licensing Exception Statement  •  Modified  •  Name According To  •  Physical Setting  •  Provider ID  •  Provider-managed ID  •  Related Resource ID  •  Resource Creation Technique  •  Reviewer  •  Reviewer Comments  •  Scientific Name Synonym  •  Service Expectation  •  Sex  •  Subject Category Vocabulary  •  Subject Orientation  •  Subject Part  •  Temporal Coverage  •  Variant Description

By concept name: ac:caption  •  ac:captureDevice  •  ac:comments  •  ac:digitizationDate  •  ac:furtherInformationURL  •  ac:licensingException  •  ac:physicalSetting  •  ac:providerID  •  ac:providerManagedID  •  ac:relatedResourceID  •  ac:resourceCreationTechnique  •  ac:reviewer  •  ac:reviewerComments  •  ac:scientificNameSynonym  •  ac:serviceExpectation  •  ac:subjectCategoryVocabulary  •  ac:subjectOrientation  •  ac:subjectPart  •  ac:variantDescription  •  dcterms:available  •  dcterms:extent  •  dcterms:modified  •  dcterms:temporal  •  dwc:identifiedBy  •  dwc:nameAccordingTo  •  dwc:sex

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 2

Concept Name:	ac:caption
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/caption
Label	Caption
Definition	As alternative or in addition to description, a caption is free-form text to be displayed together with (rather than instead of) a resource that is suitable for captions (especially images).
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/caption,
Notes:	Audubon Core: If both description and caption are present in the metadata, a description is typically displayed instead of the resource, a caption together with the resource. Often only one of description or caption is present; choose the concept most appropriate for your metadata.
Concept Name:	ac:captureDevice
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/captureDevice
Label	Capture Device
Definition	Free form text describing the device or devices used to create the resource.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/captureDevice,
Examples	"Canon Supershot 2000", "Makroscan Scanner 2000", "Zeiss Axioscope with Camera IIIu", "SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)".
Notes:	Audubon Core: It is best practice to record the device; this may include a combination such as camera plus lens, or camera plus microscope.
Concept Name:	ac:comments
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/comments
Label	Comments
Definition	Any comment provided on the media resource, as free-form text. Best practice would also identify the commenter.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/comments,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Comments may refer to the resource itself (e. g., asserting a taxon name or location of a biological subject in an image), or to the relation between resource and associated metadata (e. g., asserting that the taxon name given in the metadata is wrong, without asserting a positive identification). There is a separate item for Reviewer Comments, which is defined more as an expert-level review.
Concept Name:	ac:digitizationDate
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/digitizationDate
Label	Date and Time Digitized
Definition	Date the first digital version was created, if different from Original Date and Time found in the Temporal Coverage Vocabulary. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/digitizationDate,
Concept Name:	ac:furtherInformationURL
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/furtherInformationURL
Label	Further Information URL
Definition	The URL of a Web site that provides additional information about (this version of) the media resource
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/furtherInformationURL,
Concept Name:	ac:licensingException
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licensingException
Label	Licensing Exception Statement
Definition	The licensing statement for this variant of the media resource if different from that given in the License Statement property of the resource.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licensingException,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Required only if this version has different licensing than that of the media resource. For example, the highest resolution version may be more restricted than lower resolution versions
Concept Name:	ac:physicalSetting
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/physicalSetting
Label	Physical Setting
Definition	The setting of the content represented in media such as images, sounds, and movies if the provider deems them relevant. Constrained vocabulary of: "Natural" = Unmodified object in a natural setting of unmodified object (e. g. living organisms in their natural environment); "Artificial" = Unmodified object in an artificial environment (e. g. living organisms in an artificial environment such as a zoo, garden, greenhouse, or laboratory).
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/physicalSetting,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Multiple values may be needed for movies or montages.
Concept Name:	ac:providerID
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerID
Label	Provider ID
Definition	A globally unique ID of the provider of the current AC metadata record.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerID,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Only to be used if the annotated resource is not a provider itself - this item is for relating the resource to a provider, using an arbitrary code that is unique for a provider, contributing partner, or aggregator, or other roles (potentially defined by MARC, OAI) and by which the media resources are linked to the provider.
Concept Name:	ac:providerManagedID
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerManagedID
Label	Provider-managed ID
Definition	A free-form identifier (a simple number, an alphanumeric code, a URL, etc.) that is unique and meaningful primarily for the data provider.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerManagedID,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Ideally, this would be a globally unique identifier (GUID), but the provider is encouraged to supply any form of identifier that simplifies communications on resources within their project and helps to locate individual data items in the provider's data repositories. It is the provider's decision whether to expose this value or not.
Concept Name:	ac:relatedResourceID
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/relatedResourceID
Label	Related Resource ID
Definition	Resource related in ways not specified through a collection, e.g. before-after images; time-lapse series; different orientations/angles of view
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/relatedResourceID,
Concept Name:	ac:resourceCreationTechnique
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/resourceCreationTechnique
Label	Resource Creation Technique
Definition	Information about technical aspects of the creation and digitization process of the resource. This includes modification steps ("retouching") after the initial resource capture.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/resourceCreationTechnique,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Examples: Encoding method or settings, numbers of channels, lighting, audio sampling rate, frames per second, data rate, interlaced or progressive, multiflash lighting, remote control, automatic interval exposure. Annotating whether and how a resource has been modified or edited significantly in ways that are not immediately obvious or expected to consumers is of special significance. Examples for images are: Removing a distracting twig from a picture, moving an object to a different surrounding, changing the color in parts of the image, or blurring the background of an image. Modifications that are standard practice and expected or obvious to users are not necessary to document; examples of such practices include changing resolution, cropping, minor sharpening or overall color correction, and clearly perceptible modifications (e.g. addition of arrows or labels, or the placement of multiple pictures into a table.) If it is only known that significant modifications were made, but no details are known, a general statement like “Media may have been manipulated to improve appearance” may be appropriate. See also Subject Preparation Technique.
Concept Name:	ac:reviewer
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewer
Label	Reviewer
Definition	If present, then resource is peer-reviewed, even if Reviewer Comments are lacking. Its presence tells whether an expert in the subject featured in the media has reviewed the media item or collection and approved its metadata description; must display a name or the literal "anonymous" ( = anonymously reviewed).
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewer,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Provider is asserting they accept this review as competent.
Concept Name:	ac:reviewerComments
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewerComments
Label	Reviewer Comments
Definition	Any comment provided by a reviewer with expertise in the subject, as free-form text.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewerComments,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Reviewer Comments may refer to the resource itself (e. g., asserting a taxon name or location of a biological subject in an image), or to the relation between resource and associated metadata (e. g., asserting that the taxon name given in the metadata is wrong, without asserting a positive identification). There is a separate item “Comments” for text from commenters of unrecorded expertise.
Concept Name:	ac:scientificNameSynonym
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/scientificNameSynonym
Label	Scientific Name Synonym
Definition	One or several Scientific Taxon Names that are synonyms to the Scientific Taxon Name may be provided here.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/scientificNameSynonym,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The primary purpose of this is in support of resource discovery, not developing a taxonomic synonymy. Misidentification or misspellings may thus be of interest. Where multiple taxa are present in a resource and multiple Scientific Taxon Names are given, the association between synonyms and names may not be deducible from the AC record alone.
Concept Name:	ac:serviceExpectation
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/serviceExpectation
Label	Service Expectation
Definition	A term that describes what service expectations users may have of the ac:accessURL. Recommended terms include online (denotes that the URL is expected to deliver the resource), authenticate (denotes that the URL delivers a login or other authentication interface requiring completion before delivery of the resource) published(non digital) (denotes that the URL is the identifier of a non-digital published work, for example a doi.) Communities should develop their own controlled vocabularies for Service Expectations.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/serviceExpectation,
Concept Name:	ac:subjectCategoryVocabulary
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectCategoryVocabulary
Label	Subject Category Vocabulary
Definition	Any vocabulary or formal classification from which terms in Subject Category have been drawn.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectCategoryVocabulary,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The AC recommended vocabularies do not need to be cited here. There is no linkage between individual Subject Category terms and the vocabulary; the mechanism is intended to support discovery of the normative URI for a term, but not guarantee it.
Concept Name:	ac:subjectOrientation
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectOrientation
Label	Subject Orientation
Definition	Specific orientation ( = direction, view angle) of the subject represented in the media resource with respect to the acquisition device.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectOrientation,
Examples	"dorsal", "ventral", "frontal".
Notes:	Audubon Core: No formal encoding scheme as yet exists. The term is repeatable e.g. in the case of a composite image, consisting of a combination of different view orientations.
Concept Name:	ac:subjectPart
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectPart
Label	Subject Part
Definition	The portion or product of organism morphology, behaviour, environment, etc. that is either predominantly shown or particularly well exemplified by a media item.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectPart,
Examples	"whole body", "head", "flower", "mating song", "feces" (dung, droppings, etc.), "canopy" (e.g. of a rain forest stand). Several anatomical ontologies are emerging in http://www.obofoundry.org/
Notes:	Audubon Core: No formal encoding scheme as yet exists.
Concept Name:	ac:variantDescription
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variantDescription
Label	Variant Description
Definition	Text that describes this Service Access Point variant
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variantDescription,
Concept Name:	dcterms:available
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/available
Label	Date Available
Definition	Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-available
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/available,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. A use case is the harvesting of metadata published before the media are available, which are pending a formal publication elsewhere. One important example is the case of metadata that documents an occurrence, which metadata harvesters might exploit without use of the media.See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples.
Concept Name:	dcterms:extent
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/extent
Label	Extent
Definition	The size or duration of the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-extent
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/extent,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The size, dimensions, or duration of the variant of the media resource. Best practices are: Extent as length/running time should use standard abbreviations of the metadata language (for English "20 s", "54 min"). Extent of images or video may be given as pixel size ("2000 x 1500 px"), or as file size (using kB, kByte, MB, MByte).
Concept Name:	dcterms:modified
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
Label	Modified
Definition	Date on which the resource was changed.
Defined By	http://purl.org/dc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/modified,
Examples	Darwin Core: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600" is 8 Mar 1963 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "2009-02-20T08:40Z" is 20 Feb 2009 8:40am UTC, "1809-02-12" is 12 Feb 1809, "1906-06" is Jun 1906, "1971" is just that year, "2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1 Mar 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC, "2007-11-13/15" is the interval between 13 Nov 2007 and 15 Nov 2007.
Concept Name:	dcterms:temporal
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal
Label	Temporal Coverage
Definition	Temporal characteristics of the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-temporal
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal,
Examples	Audubon Core: Examples in English: "Jurassic", "Elizabethan", "Spring, 1957". 2008-01-01/2008-06-30.
Notes:	Audubon Core: The coverage (extent or scope) of the content of the resource. Temporal coverage will typically include temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) to which the subjects of the media or media collection relate. If dates are mentioned, they should follow ISO 8601. When the resource is a Collection, this refers to the temporal coverage of the collection. If the resource is video or audio, it refers to the time span, if any, depicted by the resource. For live-media this is closely related to Creation Date and time (Example: the time depicted by a time-lapse video file of organism development), but for media with fictional content it is not.
Concept Name:	dwc:identifiedBy
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy
Label	Identified By
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
Defined By	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy,
Examples	The recommended best practice is to separate the values with a vertical bar (' | '). Examples: "James L. Patton", "Theodore Pappenfuss | Robert Macey".
Notes:	For discussion see http://code.google.com/p/darwincore/wiki/Identification
Concept Name:	dwc:nameAccordingTo
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo
Label	Name According To
Definition	The reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.
Defined By	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo,
Examples	"McCranie, J. R., D. B. Wake, and L. D. Wilson. 1996. The taxonomic status of Bolitoglossa schmidti, with comments on the biology of the Mesoamerican salamander Bolitoglossa dofleini (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Carib. J. Sci. 32:395-398.", "Werner Greuter 2008", "Lilljeborg 1861, Upsala Univ. Arsskrift, Math. Naturvet., pp. 4, 5"
Notes:	If no nameAccordingTo or nameAccordingToID is given explicitly given for a Taxon record, the "nominal concept" as defined by TCS should be assumed. In most cases, the nameAccordingTo will refer to a publication, but it may also refer to other sources, such as single-copy documents and other documented taxon concept definitions asserted by an individual, institution, or team of individuals.
Concept Name:	dwc:sex
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex
Label	Sex
Definition	The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Defined By	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex,
Examples	“female”, “hermaphrodite”, “8 males, 4 females” (for unconstrained use)
Notes:	The recommended controlled vocabulary includes: unknowable undetermined female male hermaphrodite gynandromorph

Audubon Core Management Vocabulary

Index to Audubon Core Management Vocabulary

By label: Comments  •  Date Available  •  Identifier  •  Metadata Date  •  Metadata Language  •  Modified  •  Provider-managed ID  •  Rating  •  Reviewer  •  Reviewer Comments  •  Service Access Point  •  Subtype  •  Title  •  Type

By concept name: ac:comments  •  ac:hasServiceAccessPoint  •  ac:metadataLanguage  •  ac:providerManagedID  •  ac:reviewer  •  ac:reviewerComments  •  ac:subtype  •  dcterms:available  •  dcterms:identifier  •  dcterms:modified  •  dcterms:title  •  dcterms:type  •  xmp:MetadataDate  •  xmp:Rating

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 1

Concept Name:	ac:hasServiceAccessPoint
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/hasServiceAccessPoint
Label	Service Access Point
Definition	In a chosen serialization (RDF, XML Schema, etc.) the potentially multiple service access points (e.g. for different resolutions of an image) might be provided in a referenced or in a nested object. This property identifies one such access point. That is, each of potentially multiple values of hasServiceAccessPoint identifies a set of representation-dependent metadata using the properties defined under the section Service Access Point Vocabulary.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:hasServiceAccessPoint
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/hasServiceAccessPoint,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Some serializations may flatten the model of service-access points by (a) dropping ac:hasServiceAccessPoint, ac:variant and ac:variantDescription, (b) repeating the properties of the Service Access Point Vocabulary and prefixing them with values of ac:variant. If such a flat serialization is necessary for services, we recommend to select from among terms of the form "AB" where "A" is one of thumbnail, trailer, lowerQuality, mediumQuality, goodQuality, bestQuality, offline and "B" is one of AccessURI, Format, Extent, FurtherInformationURL, LicensingException, ServiceExpectation (example: thumbnailAccessURI). Implementers in specific constraint languages such as XML Schema or RDF may wish to make Access URI and perhaps dcterms:format mandatory on instances of the service access point.
Concept Name:	ac:metadataLanguage
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataLanguage
Label	Metadata Language
Definition	Language of description and other metadata (but not necessarily of the image itself) represented in ISO639-1 or -3.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:metadataLanguage
	Required: Yes — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataLanguage, 1..1
Concept Name:	ac:subtype
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subtype
Label	Subtype
Definition	Any of Drawing, Painting, Logo, Icon, Illustration, Graphic, Photograph, Animation, Film, SlideShow, DesignPlan, Diagram, Map, MusicalNotation, IdentificationKey, ScannedText, RecordedText, RecordedOrganism, TaxonPage, MultimediaLearningObject, VirtualRealityEnvironment, GlossaryPage. Values may be used either in their literal form, or with a full namespace from a controlled vocabulary.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:subtype
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subtype,
Concept Name:	dcterms:identifier
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier
Label	Identifier
Definition	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-identifier
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier, ... further results
Notes:	Dublin Core: Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system. Audubon Core: An arbitrary code that is unique for the resource, with the resource being either a provider, collection, or media item. Using multiple identifiers implies that they have a same-as relationship, i.e. they all identify the same object (e. g. an object may have an http-URL, an lsid-URI, and a UUID-number). Required for media collections, No for media resources (but preferred if available). In context of GGBN used as gel image uri.
Concept Name:	dcterms:title
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
Label	Title
Definition	A name given to the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-title
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/title,
Notes:	Dublin Core: A second property with the same name as this property has been declared in the dcterms: namespace (http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document "DCMI Metadata Terms" (http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation. Audubon Core: Concise title, name, or brief descriptive label of institution, resource collection, or individual resource. This field should include the complete title with all the subtitles, if any. It is strongly suggested to provide a title for each media resource. The title facilitates interactions with humans: e.g. it could be used as display text of hyperlinks or to provide a choice of images in a pick list. The title is therefore highly useful and an effort should be made to provide it where it is not already available. When the resource is a collection without an institutional or official name, but with a thematic content, a descriptive title, e. g. “Urban Ants of New England,” would be suitable. In individual media resources depicting taxa, the scientific name or names of taxa often form a good title. Common names in addition to or instead of scientific names are also acceptable. Indications of action or roles captured by the media resource, such as predatory acts, are desirable (“Rattlesnake eating deer mouse”, “Pollinators of California Native Plants”).
Concept Name:	dcterms:type
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Label	Type
Definition	A name given to the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-type
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/type, ... further results
Concept Name:	xmp:MetadataDate
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/MetadataDate
Label	Metadata Date
Definition	The date and time that any metadata for this resource was last changed. It should be the same as or more recent than xmp:ModifyDate.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/MetadataDate,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Point in time recording when the last modification to metadata (not necessarily the media object itself) occurred. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. This is not dcterms:modified, which refers to the resource itself rather than its metadata. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.4 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.
Concept Name:	xmp:Rating
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/Rating
Label	Rating
Definition	A user-assigned rating for this file. The value shall be -1 or in the range [0..5], where -1 indicates “rejected” and 0 indicates “unrated”. If xmp:Rating is not present, a value of 0 may be assumed. Anticipated usage is for a typical “star rating” UI, with the addition of a notion of rejection." Values may be decimal numbers in the permitted range.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/Rating,
Notes:	Audubon Core: A rating of the media resources, provided by users or editors, with -1 defining “rejected”, “0” defining “unrated”, and “1” (worst) to “5” (best). The origin of the rating is not communicated. It may, e. g., be based on user feedback or on editorial ratings. If Rating is not present, a value of 0 may be assumed. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.4 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 2

Concept Name:	ac:comments
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/comments
Label	Comments
Definition	Any comment provided on the media resource, as free-form text. Best practice would also identify the commenter.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/comments,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Comments may refer to the resource itself (e. g., asserting a taxon name or location of a biological subject in an image), or to the relation between resource and associated metadata (e. g., asserting that the taxon name given in the metadata is wrong, without asserting a positive identification). There is a separate item for Reviewer Comments, which is defined more as an expert-level review.
Concept Name:	ac:providerManagedID
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerManagedID
Label	Provider-managed ID
Definition	A free-form identifier (a simple number, an alphanumeric code, a URL, etc.) that is unique and meaningful primarily for the data provider.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerManagedID,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Ideally, this would be a globally unique identifier (GUID), but the provider is encouraged to supply any form of identifier that simplifies communications on resources within their project and helps to locate individual data items in the provider's data repositories. It is the provider's decision whether to expose this value or not.
Concept Name:	ac:reviewer
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewer
Label	Reviewer
Definition	If present, then resource is peer-reviewed, even if Reviewer Comments are lacking. Its presence tells whether an expert in the subject featured in the media has reviewed the media item or collection and approved its metadata description; must display a name or the literal "anonymous" ( = anonymously reviewed).
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewer,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Provider is asserting they accept this review as competent.
Concept Name:	ac:reviewerComments
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewerComments
Label	Reviewer Comments
Definition	Any comment provided by a reviewer with expertise in the subject, as free-form text.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewerComments,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Reviewer Comments may refer to the resource itself (e. g., asserting a taxon name or location of a biological subject in an image), or to the relation between resource and associated metadata (e. g., asserting that the taxon name given in the metadata is wrong, without asserting a positive identification). There is a separate item “Comments” for text from commenters of unrecorded expertise.
Concept Name:	dcterms:available
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/available
Label	Date Available
Definition	Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-available
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/available,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. A use case is the harvesting of metadata published before the media are available, which are pending a formal publication elsewhere. One important example is the case of metadata that documents an occurrence, which metadata harvesters might exploit without use of the media.See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples.
Concept Name:	dcterms:modified
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
Label	Modified
Definition	Date on which the resource was changed.
Defined By	http://purl.org/dc/terms/
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/modified,
Examples	Darwin Core: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600" is 8 Mar 1963 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "2009-02-20T08:40Z" is 20 Feb 2009 8:40am UTC, "1809-02-12" is 12 Feb 1809, "1906-06" is Jun 1906, "1971" is just that year, "2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1 Mar 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC, "2007-11-13/15" is the interval between 13 Nov 2007 and 15 Nov 2007.

Audubon Core Record-Audubon Core level Service Access Point Vocabulary

No concept defined yet for this collection.

Audubon Core Related Resources Vocabulary

Index to Audubon Core Related Resources Vocabulary

By label: Associated Observation Reference  •  Associated Specimen Reference  •  Derived From  •  ID of Containing Collection  •  Provider ID  •  Related Resource ID

By concept name: ac:IDofContainingCollection  •  ac:associatedObservationReference  •  ac:associatedSpecimenReference  •  ac:derivedFrom  •  ac:providerID  •  ac:relatedResourceID

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 1

Concept Name:	ac:associatedObservationReference
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedObservationReference
Label	Associated Observation Reference
Definition	A reference to an observation associated with this resource.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:associatedObservationReference
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedObservationReference,
Concept Name:	ac:associatedSpecimenReference
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedSpecimenReference
Label	Associated Specimen Reference
Definition	A reference to a specimen associated with this resource.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:associatedSpecimenReference
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedSpecimenReference,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Supports to find a specimen resource, where additional information is available. If several resources relate to the same specimen, these are implicitly related. Examples: for NHM “BM 23974324” for a barcoded or “BM Smith 32” for a non-barcoded specimen; for UNITS: “TSB 28637”; for PMSL: “PMSL-Lepidoptera-2534781”. Ideally this could be a URI identifying a specimen record that is available online.
Concept Name:	ac:derivedFrom
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/derivedFrom
Label	Derived From
Definition	A reference to an original resource from which the current one is derived.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:derivedFrom
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/derivedFrom,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Derivation of one resource from another is of special interest for identification tools (e. g. a key from an unpublished data set, as in FRIDA, or a PDA key from a PC or web key) or web services (e. g. a name synonymization service being derived from a specific data set). It may very rarely also be known where one image or sound recording is derived from another (but compare the separate mechanism to be used for quality/resolution levels). – Human readable, or doi number, or URL. Simple name of parent for human readable. Can be repeated if a montage of images.
Concept Name:	ac:IDofContainingCollection
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/IDofContainingCollection
Label	ID of Containing Collection
Definition	If the resource is contained in a Collection, this field identifies that Collection uniquely. Its form is not specified by this normative document, but is left to implementers of specific implementations.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:IDofContainingCollection
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/IDofContainingCollection,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Repeatable: A media resource may be member of multiple collections

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 2

Concept Name:	ac:providerID
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerID
Label	Provider ID
Definition	A globally unique ID of the provider of the current AC metadata record.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerID,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Only to be used if the annotated resource is not a provider itself - this item is for relating the resource to a provider, using an arbitrary code that is unique for a provider, contributing partner, or aggregator, or other roles (potentially defined by MARC, OAI) and by which the media resources are linked to the provider.
Concept Name:	ac:relatedResourceID
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/relatedResourceID
Label	Related Resource ID
Definition	Resource related in ways not specified through a collection, e.g. before-after images; time-lapse series; different orientations/angles of view
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/relatedResourceID,

Audubon Core Resource Creation Vocabulary

Index to Audubon Core Resource Creation Vocabulary

By label: Capture Device  •  Date and Time Digitized  •  Location Created  •  Resource Creation Technique  •  Subject Orientation

By concept name: Iptc4xmpExt:LocationCreated  •  ac:captureDevice  •  ac:digitizationDate  •  ac:resourceCreationTechnique  •  ac:subjectOrientation

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 1

Concept Name:	Iptc4xmpExt:LocationCreated
Normative URI	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationCreated
Label	Location Created
Definition	The location the content of the item was created.
Defined By	http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201007_1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationCreated, 0..1
Notes:	IPTC Photo Metadata: If the location in the image is different from the location the photo was taken the IPTC Extension property Location Shown in the Image should be used. Audubon Core: The location at which the media recording instrument was placed when the media was created. The distinction between location shown and created is often irrelevant, and metadata may be assumed to be referring to location shown. It is recommended that the Location Shown field above always be used when known. However, in the case of position data automatically recorded by the instrument (e. g. EXIF GPS data) Location Created should be used to maintain information accuracy. When one but not both of Location Shown and Location Created are present, AC is silent about whether the provided one entails the other. A best practices document for a particular AC implementation might address this. Note: URIs of IPTC terms for Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit IPTC Standard Photo Metadata (July 2010) for further documentation.

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 2

Concept Name:	ac:captureDevice
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/captureDevice
Label	Capture Device
Definition	Free form text describing the device or devices used to create the resource.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/captureDevice,
Examples	"Canon Supershot 2000", "Makroscan Scanner 2000", "Zeiss Axioscope with Camera IIIu", "SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)".
Notes:	Audubon Core: It is best practice to record the device; this may include a combination such as camera plus lens, or camera plus microscope.
Concept Name:	ac:digitizationDate
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/digitizationDate
Label	Date and Time Digitized
Definition	Date the first digital version was created, if different from Original Date and Time found in the Temporal Coverage Vocabulary. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/digitizationDate,
Concept Name:	ac:resourceCreationTechnique
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/resourceCreationTechnique
Label	Resource Creation Technique
Definition	Information about technical aspects of the creation and digitization process of the resource. This includes modification steps ("retouching") after the initial resource capture.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/resourceCreationTechnique,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Examples: Encoding method or settings, numbers of channels, lighting, audio sampling rate, frames per second, data rate, interlaced or progressive, multiflash lighting, remote control, automatic interval exposure. Annotating whether and how a resource has been modified or edited significantly in ways that are not immediately obvious or expected to consumers is of special significance. Examples for images are: Removing a distracting twig from a picture, moving an object to a different surrounding, changing the color in parts of the image, or blurring the background of an image. Modifications that are standard practice and expected or obvious to users are not necessary to document; examples of such practices include changing resolution, cropping, minor sharpening or overall color correction, and clearly perceptible modifications (e.g. addition of arrows or labels, or the placement of multiple pictures into a table.) If it is only known that significant modifications were made, but no details are known, a general statement like “Media may have been manipulated to improve appearance” may be appropriate. See also Subject Preparation Technique.
Concept Name:	ac:subjectOrientation
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectOrientation
Label	Subject Orientation
Definition	Specific orientation ( = direction, view angle) of the subject represented in the media resource with respect to the acquisition device.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectOrientation,
Examples	"dorsal", "ventral", "frontal".
Notes:	Audubon Core: No formal encoding scheme as yet exists. The term is repeatable e.g. in the case of a composite image, consisting of a combination of different view orientations.

Audubon Core Service Access Point Vocabulary

Index to Audubon Core Service Access Point Vocabulary

By label: Access URI  •  Extent  •  Format  •  Further Information URL  •  Licensing Exception Statement  •  Service Expectation  •  Variant  •  Variant Description

By concept name: ac:accessURI  •  ac:furtherInformationURL  •  ac:licensingException  •  ac:serviceExpectation  •  ac:variant  •  ac:variantDescription  •  dcterms:extent  •  dcterms:format

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 1

Concept Name:	ac:accessURI
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/accessURI
Label	Access URI
Definition	A URI that uniquely identifies a service that provides a representation of the underlying resource. If this resource can be acquired by an http request, its http URL should be given. If not, but it has some URI in another URI scheme, that may be given here.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:accessURI
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/accessURI,
Notes:	Value might point to something offline, such as a published CD, etc. For example, the doi of an published CD would be a suitable value.
Concept Name:	ac:variant
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variant
Label	Variant
Definition	What this ServiceAccessPoint provides. Suggested values are "Thumbnail", "Trailer", "Lower Quality", "Medium Quality", "Good Quality", "Best Quality", "Offline"
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:variant
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variant,
Notes:	Thumbnail: ServiceAccessPoint provides a thumbnail image, short sound clip, or short movie clip that can be used in addition to the resource to represent the media object, typically at lower quality and higher compression than the preview object. A typical size for a tiny thumbnail image may be 50-100 pixels in the longer dimension. Trailer: ServiceAccessPoint provides video clip preview, in the form of a specifically authored "Trailer", which may provide somewhat different content than the original resource. Lower Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides a lower quality version of the media resource, suitable e. g. for web sites. Medium Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides a medium quality version of the media resource, e. g. shortened in duration, or reduced size, using lower resolution or higher compression causing moderate artifacts. Good Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides a good quality version of the media resource intended for resources displayed as primary information; e. g. an image between 800 and 1600 px in width or height. Best Quality: ServiceAccessPoint provides the highest available quality of the media resource, whatever its resolution or quality level. Offline: ServiceAccessPoint provides data about an offline resource.
Concept Name:	dcterms:format
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/format
Label	Format
Definition	The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-format
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/format,
Notes:	Dublin Core: Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]. Audubon Core: The technical format of the resource (file format or physical medium). Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]. This item is recommended for offline digital content. In cases where the provided URL includes a standard file extension from which the format can be inferred it is permissible to not provide this item. Three types of values are recommended: (a) any MIME type; (b) common file extensions like txt, doc, odf, jpg/jpeg, png, pdf; (c) the following special values: Data-CD, Audio-CD, Video-CD, Data-DVD, Audio-DVD, Video-DVD-PAL, Video-DVD-NTSC, photographic slide, photographic print. Compare Type for the content-type.

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 2

Concept Name:	ac:furtherInformationURL
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/furtherInformationURL
Label	Further Information URL
Definition	The URL of a Web site that provides additional information about (this version of) the media resource
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/furtherInformationURL,
Concept Name:	ac:licensingException
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licensingException
Label	Licensing Exception Statement
Definition	The licensing statement for this variant of the media resource if different from that given in the License Statement property of the resource.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licensingException,
Notes:	Audubon Core: Required only if this version has different licensing than that of the media resource. For example, the highest resolution version may be more restricted than lower resolution versions
Concept Name:	ac:serviceExpectation
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/serviceExpectation
Label	Service Expectation
Definition	A term that describes what service expectations users may have of the ac:accessURL. Recommended terms include online (denotes that the URL is expected to deliver the resource), authenticate (denotes that the URL delivers a login or other authentication interface requiring completion before delivery of the resource) published(non digital) (denotes that the URL is the identifier of a non-digital published work, for example a doi.) Communities should develop their own controlled vocabularies for Service Expectations.
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/serviceExpectation,
Concept Name:	ac:variantDescription
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variantDescription
Label	Variant Description
Definition	Text that describes this Service Access Point variant
Defined By
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variantDescription,
Concept Name:	dcterms:extent
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/extent
Label	Extent
Definition	The size or duration of the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-extent
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/extent,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The size, dimensions, or duration of the variant of the media resource. Best practices are: Extent as length/running time should use standard abbreviations of the metadata language (for English "20 s", "54 min"). Extent of images or video may be given as pixel size ("2000 x 1500 px"), or as file size (using kB, kByte, MB, MByte).

Audubon Core Temporal Coverage Vocabulary

Index to Audubon Core Temporal Coverage Vocabulary

By label: Original Date and Time  •  Temporal Coverage  •  Time of Day

By concept name: ac:timeOfDay  •  dcterms:temporal  •  xmp:CreateDate

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 1

Concept Name:	ac:timeOfDay
Normative URI	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/timeOfDay
Label	Time of Day
Definition	Free text information beyond exact clock times.
Defined By	http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List#ac:timeOfDay
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/timeOfDay,
Examples	Audubon Core: Examples in English: afternoon, twilight.
Concept Name:	xmp:CreateDate
Normative URI	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/CreateDate
Label	Original Date and Time
Definition	The date and time the resource was created. For a digital file, this need not match a file-system creation time. For a freshly created resource, it should be close to that time, modulo the time taken to write the file. Later file transfer, copying, and so on, may make the file-system time arbitrarily different.
Defined By	http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/CreateDate,
Notes:	Audubon Core: The date of the creation for the original resource from which the digital media was derived or created. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. What constitutes "original" is determined by the metadata author. Example case: Digitization of a photographic slide of a map would normally give the date at which the map was created; however a photographic work of art including the same map as its content may give the date of the original photographic exposure. Imprecise or unknown dates can be represented as ISO dates or ranges. Compare also Date and Time Digitized in the Resource Creation Vocabulary. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry for further explanation and examples. Note: URIs of Adobe XMP terms are not resolvable. Visit XMP Specification Part 1, Sec 8.4 for further documentation. XMP Schema is defined in RDF, not w3c schema.

Concept definitions in Audubon Core Layer 2

Concept Name:	dcterms:temporal
Normative URI	http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal
Label	Temporal Coverage
Definition	Temporal characteristics of the resource.
Defined By	http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#terms-temporal
	Required: No — Repeatable: Nohttp://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal,
Examples	Audubon Core: Examples in English: "Jurassic", "Elizabethan", "Spring, 1957". 2008-01-01/2008-06-30.
Notes:	Audubon Core: The coverage (extent or scope) of the content of the resource. Temporal coverage will typically include temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) to which the subjects of the media or media collection relate. If dates are mentioned, they should follow ISO 8601. When the resource is a Collection, this refers to the temporal coverage of the collection. If the resource is video or audio, it refers to the time span, if any, depicted by the resource. For live-media this is closely related to Creation Date and time (Example: the time depicted by a time-lapse video file of organism development), but for media with fictional content it is not.